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Name | Synopsis | Description | Options | Authors | See Also | COLOPHON |
gpinyin(1) General Commands Manual gpinyin(1)
gpinyin - use Hanyu Pinyin Chinese in roff
gpinyin [input-file ...]
gpinyin -h
gpinyin --help
gpinyin -v
gpinyin --version
gpinyin is a preprocessor for groff(1) that facilitates use of the
Hanyu Pinyin groff(7) files. Pinyin is a method for writing the
Chinese language with the Latin alphabet. The Chinese language
consists of more than four hundred syllables, each with one of five
different tones. In Pinyin, a syllable is written in the Latin
alphabet and a numeric tone indicator can be appended to each
syllable.
Each input-file is a file name or the hyphen-minus character “-” to
indicate that standard input should be read. As usual, the argument
“--” can be used in order to force interpretation of all remaining
arguments as file names, even if an input-file argument begins with
the hyphen-minus character.
Pinyin sections
Pinyin sections in groff files are enclosed by two .pinyin requests
with different arguments. The starting request is
.pinyin start
or
.pinyin begin
and the ending request is
.pinyin stop
or
.pinyin end
.
Syllables
The spoken Chinese language is based on about 411 syllables; see
⟨http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin_table⟩.
In Pinyin, each syllable consists of one to six letters from the
Latin alphabet; these letters comprise the fifty-two upper- and low‐
ercase letters from the ASCII character set, plus the letter “U” with
dieresis (umlaut) in both cases—in other words, the members of the
set “[a–zA–ZüÜ]”.
In groff input, all ASCII letters are written as themselves. The “u
with dieresis” can be written as “\[:u]” in lowercase or “\[:U]” in
uppercase. Within .pinyin sections, gpinyin supports the form “ue”
for lowercase and the forms “Ue” and “UE” for uppercase.
Tones
Each syllable has exactly one of five tones. The fifth tone is not
explicitly written at all, but each of the first through fourth tones
is indicated with a diacritic above a specific vowel within the syl‐
lable.
In a gpinyin source file, these tones are written by adding a numeral
in the range 0 to 5 after the syllable. The tone numbers 1 to 4 are
transformed into accents above vowels in the output. The tone num‐
bers 0 and 5 are synonymous.
The following table summarizes the tones. Some output devices will
not be able to render every output example.
Tone Description Diacritic Example Input Example Output
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
first flat ¯ ma1 mā
second rising ´ ma2 má
third falling-rising ˇ ma3 mǎ
fourth falling ` ma4 mà
fifth neutral (none) ma0 ma
ma5
The neutral tone number can be omitted from a word-final syllable,
but not otherwise.
-h
--help Print usage information and exit.
-v
--version
Print version information and exit.
gpinyin was written by Bernd Warken ⟨<groff-bernd.warken-72@web.de>⟩.
Useful documents on the World Wide Web related to Pinyin include
“Pinyin” (Wikipedia) ⟨http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin⟩,
“Pinyin table” (Wikipedia)
⟨http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin_table⟩,
Pinyin to Unicode ⟨http://www.foolsworkshop.com/ptou/index.html⟩,
On-line Chinese Tools ⟨http://www.mandarintools.com/⟩,
Pinyin.info: a guide to the writing of Mandarin Chinese in
romanization ⟨http://www.pinyin.info/index.html⟩,
“Where do the tone marks go?” (Pinyin.info)
⟨http://www.pinyin.info/rules/where.html⟩,
pinyin.txt from the CJK macro package for TeX
⟨http://git.savannah.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=cjk.git;a=blob_plain;f=doc/
pinyin.txt;hb=HEAD⟩,
and
pinyin.sty from the CJK macro package for TeX
⟨http://git.savannah.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=cjk.git;a=blob_plain;f=texinput/p
inyin.sty;hb=HEAD⟩.
groff(1) and grog(1) explain how to view roff documents.
groff(7) and groff_char(7) are comprehensive references covering the
language elements of GNU roff and the available glyph repertoire,
respectively.
This page is part of the groff (GNU troff) project. Information
about the project can be found at
⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/groff/⟩. If you have a bug report for
this manual page, see ⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/groff/⟩. This
page was obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/groff.git⟩ on 2020-08-13. (At that
time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in the repos‐
itory was 2020-08-12.) If you discover any rendering problems in
this HTML version of the page, or you believe there is a better or
more up-to-date source for the page, or you have corrections or
improvements to the information in this COLOPHON (which is not part
of the original manual page), send a mail to man-pages@man7.org
groff 1.22.4.234-3ba6 12 August 2020 gpinyin(1)