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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | AUTHOR | REPORTING BUGS | COPYRIGHT | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
SHRED(1) User Commands SHRED(1)
shred - overwrite a file to hide its contents, and optionally delete
it
shred [OPTION]... FILE...
Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it
harder for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data.
If FILE is -, shred standard output.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options
too.
-f, --force
change permissions to allow writing if necessary
-n, --iterations=N
overwrite N times instead of the default (3)
--random-source=FILE
get random bytes from FILE
-s, --size=N
shred this many bytes (suffixes like K, M, G accepted)
-u deallocate and remove file after overwriting
--remove[=HOW]
like -u but give control on HOW to delete; See below
-v, --verbose
show progress
-x, --exact
do not round file sizes up to the next full block;
this is the default for non-regular files
-z, --zero
add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shredding
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
Delete FILE(s) if --remove (-u) is specified. The default is not to
remove the files because it is common to operate on device files like
/dev/hda, and those files usually should not be removed. The
optional HOW parameter indicates how to remove a directory entry:
'unlink' => use a standard unlink call. 'wipe' => also first
obfuscate bytes in the name. 'wipesync' => also sync each obfuscated
byte to disk. The default mode is 'wipesync', but note it can be
expensive.
CAUTION: shred assumes the file system and hardware overwrite data in
place. Although this is common, many platforms operate otherwise.
Also, backups and mirrors may contain unremovable copies that will
let a shredded file be recovered later. See the GNU coreutils manual
for details.
Written by Colin Plumb.
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>
Copyright © 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU
GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/shred>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) shred invocation'
This page is part of the coreutils (basic file, shell and text
manipulation utilities) project. Information about the project can
be found at ⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/⟩. If you have a
bug report for this manual page, see
⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/⟩. This page was obtained
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⟨http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/⟩ on 2020-08-13. If you discover
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you have corrections or improvements to the information in this
COLOPHON (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail
to man-pages@man7.org
GNU coreutils 8.32 March 2020 SHRED(1)
Pages that refer to this page: rm(1) , logrotate.conf(5) , logrotate(8)