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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | EXIT STATUS | SEE ALSO | NOTES | COLOPHON |
SYSTEMD-DETECT-VIRT(1) systemd-detect-virt SYSTEMD-DETECT-VIRT(1)
systemd-detect-virt - Detect execution in a virtualized environment
systemd-detect-virt [OPTIONS...]
systemd-detect-virt detects execution in a virtualized environment.
It identifies the virtualization technology and can distinguish full
machine virtualization from container virtualization.
systemd-detect-virt exits with a return value of 0 (success) if a
virtualization technology is detected, and non-zero (error)
otherwise. By default, any type of virtualization is detected, and
the options --container and --vm can be used to limit what types of
virtualization are detected.
When executed without --quiet will print a short identifier for the
detected virtualization technology. The following technologies are
currently identified:
Table 1. Known virtualization technologies (both VM, i.e. full
hardware virtualization, and container, i.e. shared kernel
virtualization)
┌──────────┬────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
│Type │ ID │ Product │
├──────────┼────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│VM │ qemu │ QEMU software │
│ │ │ virtualization, │
│ │ │ without KVM │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ kvm │ Linux KVM kernel │
│ │ │ virtual machine, │
│ │ │ with whatever │
│ │ │ software, except │
│ │ │ Oracle Virtualbox │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ zvm │ s390 z/VM │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ vmware │ VMware Workstation │
│ │ │ or Server, and │
│ │ │ related products │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ microsoft │ Hyper-V, also known │
│ │ │ as Viridian or │
│ │ │ Windows Server │
│ │ │ Virtualization │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ oracle │ Oracle VM │
│ │ │ VirtualBox │
│ │ │ (historically │
│ │ │ marketed by innotek │
│ │ │ and Sun │
│ │ │ Microsystems), for │
│ │ │ legacy and KVM │
│ │ │ hypervisor │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ xen │ Xen hypervisor │
│ │ │ (only domU, not │
│ │ │ dom0) │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ bochs │ Bochs Emulator │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ uml │ User-mode Linux │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ parallels │ Parallels Desktop, │
│ │ │ Parallels Server │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ bhyve │ bhyve, FreeBSD │
│ │ │ hypervisor │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ qnx │ QNX hypervisor │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ acrn │ ACRN hypervisor[1] │
├──────────┼────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│Container │ openvz │ OpenVZ/Virtuozzo │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ lxc │ Linux container │
│ │ │ implementation by │
│ │ │ LXC │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ lxc-libvirt │ Linux container │
│ │ │ implementation by │
│ │ │ libvirt │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ systemd-nspawn │ systemd's minimal │
│ │ │ container │
│ │ │ implementation, see │
│ │ │ systemd-nspawn(1) │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ docker │ Docker container │
│ │ │ manager │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ podman │ Podman[2] container │
│ │ │ manager │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ rkt │ rkt app container │
│ │ │ runtime │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ wsl │ Windows Subsystem │
│ │ │ for Linux[3] │
│ ├────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ │ proot │ proot[4] userspace │
│ │ │ chroot/bind mount │
│ │ │ emulation │
└──────────┴────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
If multiple virtualization solutions are used, only the "innermost"
is detected and identified. That means if both machine and container
virtualization are used in conjunction, only the latter will be
identified (unless --vm is passed).
Windows Subsystem for Linux is not a Linux container, but an
environment for running Linux userspace applications on top of the
Windows kernel using a Linux-compatible interface. WSL is categorized
as a container for practical purposes. Multiple WSL environments
share the same kernel and services should generally behave like when
being run in a container.
The following options are understood:
-c, --container
Only detects container virtualization (i.e. shared kernel
virtualization).
-v, --vm
Only detects hardware virtualization.
-r, --chroot
Detect whether invoked in a chroot(2) environment. In this mode,
no output is written, but the return value indicates whether the
process was invoked in a chroot() environment or not.
--private-users
Detect whether invoked in a user namespace. In this mode, no
output is written, but the return value indicates whether the
process was invoked inside of a user namespace or not. See
user_namespaces(7) for more information.
-q, --quiet
Suppress output of the virtualization technology identifier.
--list
Output all currently known and detectable container and VM
environments.
-h, --help
Print a short help text and exit.
--version
Print a short version string and exit.
If a virtualization technology is detected, 0 is returned, a non-zero
code otherwise.
systemd(1), systemd-nspawn(1), chroot(2), namespaces(7)
1. ACRN hypervisor
https://projectacrn.org
2. Podman
https://podman.io
3. Windows Subsystem for Linux
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about
4. proot
https://proot-me.github.io/
This page is part of the systemd (systemd system and service manager)
project. Information about the project can be found at
⟨http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd⟩. If you have a bug
report for this manual page, see
⟨http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/#bugreports⟩. This
page was obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://github.com/systemd/systemd.git⟩ on 2020-08-13. (At that
time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in the repos‐
itory was 2020-08-11.) If you discover any rendering problems in
this HTML version of the page, or you believe there is a better or
more up-to-date source for the page, or you have corrections or
improvements to the information in this COLOPHON (which is not part
of the original manual page), send a mail to man-pages@man7.org
systemd 246 SYSTEMD-DETECT-VIRT(1)
Pages that refer to this page: org.freedesktop.systemd1(5) , systemd.unit(5) , 30-systemd-environment-d-generator(7) , systemd.directives(7) , systemd.index(7) , udev(7)