iopl(2) — Linux manual page

NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUE | ERRORS | CONFORMING TO | NOTES | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON

IOPL(2)                   Linux Programmer's Manual                  IOPL(2)

NAME top

       iopl - change I/O privilege level

SYNOPSIS top

       #include <sys/io.h>

       int iopl(int level);

DESCRIPTION top

       iopl() changes the I/O privilege level of the calling thread, as
       specified by the two least significant bits in level.

       The I/O privilege level for a normal thread is 0.  Permissions are
       inherited from parents to children.

       This call is deprecated, is significantly slower than ioperm(2), and
       is only provided for older X servers which require access to all
       65536 I/O ports.  It is mostly for the i386 architecture.  On many
       other architectures it does not exist or will always return an error.

RETURN VALUE top

       On success, zero is returned.  On error, -1 is returned, and errno is
       set appropriately.

ERRORS top

       EINVAL level is greater than 3.

       ENOSYS This call is unimplemented.

       EPERM  The calling thread has insufficient privilege to call iopl();
              the CAP_SYS_RAWIO capability is required to raise the I/O
              privilege level above its current value.

CONFORMING TO top

       iopl() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs that are
       intended to be portable.

NOTES top

       Glibc2 has a prototype both in <sys/io.h> and in <sys/perm.h>.  Avoid
       the latter, it is available on i386 only.

       Prior to Linux 5.5 iopl() allowed the thread to disable interrupts
       while running at a higher I/O privilege level.  This will probably
       crash the system, and is not recommended.

       Prior to Linux 3.7, on some architectures (such as i386), permissions
       were inherited by the child produced by fork(2) and were preserved
       across execve(2).  This behavior was inadvertently changed in Linux
       3.7, and won't be reinstated.

SEE ALSO top

       ioperm(2), outb(2), capabilities(7)

COLOPHON top

       This page is part of release 5.08 of the Linux man-pages project.  A
       description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
       latest version of this page, can be found at
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Linux                            2020-08-13                          IOPL(2)

Pages that refer to this page: afs_syscall(2) , break(2) , fattach(2) , fdetach(2) , getmsg(2) , getpmsg(2) , gtty(2) , inb(2) , inb_p(2) , inl(2) , inl_p(2) , insb(2) , insl(2) , insw(2) , inw(2) , inw_p(2) , ioperm(2) , isastream(2) , lock(2) , madvise1(2) , mpx(2) , outb(2) , outb_p(2) , outl(2) , outl_p(2) , outsb(2) , outsl(2) , outsw(2) , outw(2) , outw_p(2) , phys(2) , prof(2) , putmsg(2) , putpmsg(2) , security(2) , stty(2) , syscalls(2) , tuxcall(2) , unimplemented(2) , vserver(2) , systemd.exec(5) , capabilities(7)