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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUE | ATTRIBUTES | CONFORMING TO | NOTES | EXAMPLES | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
NL_LANGINFO(3) Linux Programmer's Manual NL_LANGINFO(3)
nl_langinfo, nl_langinfo_l - query language and locale information
#include <langinfo.h>
char *nl_langinfo(nl_item item);
char *nl_langinfo_l(nl_item item, locale_t locale);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
nl_langinfo_l():
Since glibc 2.24:
_POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809L
Glibc 2.23 and earlier:
_POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L
The nl_langinfo() and nl_langinfo_l() functions provide access to
locale information in a more flexible way than localeconv(3).
nl_langinfo() returns a string which is the value corresponding to
item in the program's current global locale. nl_langinfo_l() returns
a string which is the value corresponding to item for the locale
identified by the locale object locale, which was previously created
by newlocale(1). Individual and additional elements of the locale
categories can be queried.
Examples for the locale elements that can be specified in item using
the constants defined in <langinfo.h> are:
CODESET (LC_CTYPE)
Return a string with the name of the character encoding used
in the selected locale, such as "UTF-8", "ISO-8859-1", or
"ANSI_X3.4-1968" (better known as US-ASCII). This is the same
string that you get with "locale charmap". For a list of
character encoding names, try "locale -m" (see locale(1)).
D_T_FMT (LC_TIME)
Return a string that can be used as a format string for
strftime(3) to represent time and date in a locale-specific
way (%c conversion specification).
D_FMT (LC_TIME)
Return a string that can be used as a format string for
strftime(3) to represent a date in a locale-specific way (%x
conversion specification).
T_FMT (LC_TIME)
Return a string that can be used as a format string for
strftime(3) to represent a time in a locale-specific way (%X
conversion specification).
AM_STR (LC_TIME)
Return a string that represents affix for ante meridiem
(before noon, "AM") time. (Used in %p strftime(3) conversion
specification.)
PM_STR (LC_TIME)
Return a string that represents affix for post meridiem
(before midnight, "PM") time. (Used in %p strftime(3)
conversion specification.)
T_FMT_AMPM (LC_TIME)
Return a string that can be used as a format string for
strftime(3) to represent a time in a.m. or p.m. notation a
locale-specific way (%r conversion specification).
ERA (LC_TIME)
Return era description, which contains information about how
years are counted and displayed for each era in a locale.
Each era description segment shall have the format:
direction:offset:start_date:end_date:era_name:era_format
according to the definitions below:
direction Either a "+" or a "-" character. The "+" means
that years increase from the start_date towards
the end_date, "-" means the opposite.
offset The epoch year of the start_date.
start_date A date in the form yyyy/mm/dd, where yyyy, mm, and
dd are the year, month, and day numbers
respectively of the start of the era.
end_date The ending date of the era, in the same format as
the start_date, or one of the two special values
"-*" (minus infinity) or "+*" (plus infinity).
era_name The name of the era, corresponding to the %EC
strftime(3) conversion specification.
era_format The format of the year in the era, corresponding
to the %EY strftime(3) conversion specification.
Era description segments are separated by semicolons. Most
locales do not define this value. Examples of locales that do
define this value are the Japanese and Thai locales.
ERA_D_T_FMT (LC_TIME)
Return a string that can be used as a format string for
strftime(3) for alternative representation of time and date in
a locale-specific way (%Ec conversion specification).
ERA_D_FMT (LC_TIME)
Return a string that can be used as a format string for
strftime(3) for alternative representation of a date in a
locale-specific way (%Ex conversion specification).
ERA_T_FMT (LC_TIME)
Return a string that can be used as a format string for
strftime(3) for alternative representation of a time in a
locale-specific way (%EX conversion specification).
DAY_{1–7} (LC_TIME)
Return name of the n-th day of the week. [Warning: this
follows the US convention DAY_1 = Sunday, not the
international convention (ISO 8601) that Monday is the first
day of the week.] (Used in %A strftime(3) conversion
specification.)
ABDAY_{1–7} (LC_TIME)
Return abbreviated name of the n-th day of the week. (Used in
%a strftime(3) conversion specification.)
MON_{1–12} (LC_TIME)
Return name of the n-th month. (Used in %B strftime(3)
conversion specification.)
ABMON_{1–12} (LC_TIME)
Return abbreviated name of the n-th month. (Used in %b
strftime(3) conversion specification.)
RADIXCHAR (LC_NUMERIC)
Return radix character (decimal dot, decimal comma, etc.).
THOUSEP (LC_NUMERIC)
Return separator character for thousands (groups of three
digits).
YESEXPR (LC_MESSAGES)
Return a regular expression that can be used with the regex(3)
function to recognize a positive response to a yes/no
question.
NOEXPR (LC_MESSAGES)
Return a regular expression that can be used with the regex(3)
function to recognize a negative response to a yes/no
question.
CRNCYSTR (LC_MONETARY)
Return the currency symbol, preceded by "-" if the symbol
should appear before the value, "+" if the symbol should
appear after the value, or "." if the symbol should replace
the radix character.
The above list covers just some examples of items that can be
requested. For a more detailed list, consult The GNU C Library
Reference Manual.
On success, these functions return a pointer to a string which is the
value corresponding to item in the specified locale.
If no locale has been selected by setlocale(3) for the appropriate
category, nl_langinfo() return a pointer to the corresponding string
in the "C" locale. The same is true of nl_langinfo_l() if locale
specifies a locale where langinfo data is not defined.
If item is not valid, a pointer to an empty string is returned.
The pointer returned by these functions may point to static data that
may be overwritten, or the pointer itself may be invalidated, by a
subsequent call to nl_langinfo(), nl_langinfo_l(), or setlocale(3).
The same statements apply to nl_langinfo_l() if the locale object
referred to by locale is freed or modified by freelocale(3) or
newlocale(3).
POSIX specifies that the application may not modify the string
returned by these functions.
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
attributes(7).
┌──────────────┬───────────────┬────────────────┐
│Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
├──────────────┼───────────────┼────────────────┤
│nl_langinfo() │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe locale │
└──────────────┴───────────────┴────────────────┘
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SUSv2.
The behavior of nl_langinfo_l() is undefined if locale is the special
locale object LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE or is not a valid locale object
handle.
The following program sets the character type and the numeric locale
according to the environment and queries the terminal character set
and the radix character.
#include <langinfo.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "");
printf("%s\n", nl_langinfo(CODESET));
printf("%s\n", nl_langinfo(RADIXCHAR));
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
locale(1), localeconv(3), setlocale(3), charsets(7), locale(7)
The GNU C Library Reference Manual
This page is part of release 5.08 of the Linux man-pages project. A
description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
latest version of this page, can be found at
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
GNU 2020-04-11 NL_LANGINFO(3)
Pages that refer to this page: find(1) , iconv(1) , bind_textdomain_codeset(3) , localeconv(3) , rpmatch(3) , setlocale(3) , strftime(3) , locale(7) , utf-8(7) , utf8(7) , UTF-8(7)
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