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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | COMPATIBILITY | EXIT STATUS | LIMITATIONS | BUGS | AUTHOR | AVAILABILITY | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
MKUDFFS(8) System Manager's Manual MKUDFFS(8)
mkudffs — create a UDF filesystem
mkudffs [ options ] device [ blocks-count ]
mkudffs is used to create a UDF filesystem on a device (usually a
disk). device is the special file corresponding to the device (e.g.
/dev/hdX) or file image. blocks-count is the number of blocks on the
device. If omitted, mkudffs automagically figures the filesystem
size. The order of options matters. Encoding option must be first and
options to override default settings implied by the media type or UDF
revision should be after the option they are overriding.
-h,--help
Display the usage and list of options.
-l,--label= label
Specify the UDF label. UDF label is synonym for specifying
both --lvid and --vid options. If omitted, mkudffs label is
LinuxUDF. (Option available since mkudffs 1.1)
-u,--uuid= uuid
Specify the UDF uuid. It must be exactly 16 hexadecimal
lowercase digits and is used for first 16 characters of
--fullvsid option. If omitted, mkudffs uuid is generated from
local time and a random number. (Option available since
mkudffs 1.1)
-b,--blocksize= block-size
Specify the size of blocks in bytes. Valid block size for a
UDF filesystem is power of two in range from 512 to 32768 and
must match a device logical (sector) size. If omitted, mkudffs
block size is set to device logical block (sector) size. If
logical block (sector) size is unknown (e.g. when creating
disk image) then for --media-type=hd is used block size 512
and for other media types 2048. (Prior to mkudffs 1.1 default
value was always 2048 independently of --media-type)
-m,--media-type= media-type
Specify the media type. Must be specified before --udfrev.
Default value is autodetected. When autodetection does not
work (e.g. when creating disk image) then hd value is assumed.
Valid media types are:
hd HD (Hard Disk)
worm WORM (Write Once Read Many)
mo MO (Magneto Optical)
cd CD-ROM (CD Read-Only Memory)
cdr CD-R (CD Recordable)
cdrw CD-RW (CD Read-Write)
dvd DVD-ROM (DVD Read-Only Memory)
dvdr DVD-R (DVD Recordable)
dvdrw DVD-RW (DVD Read-Write)
dvdram DVD-RAM (DVD Random Access Memory)
bdr BD-R (Blu-ray Disc Recordable)
(Short option variant -m and values cd, dvdr, bdr are
available since mkudffs 2.0 and autodetection is supported
since mkudffs 2.2)
-r,--udfrev= udf-revision
Specify the UDF revision to use, either in hexadecimal BCD
(e.g. 0x0201) or decimal (e.g. 2.01) format. Valid revisions
are 1.01, 1.02, 1.50, 2.00, 2.01, 2.50 and 2.60. If omitted,
mkudffs UDF revision is 2.01, except for Blu-ray Discs which
is 2.50. UDF revisions higher then 2.01 are experimental.
Option must be specified after --media-type. (Values in
decimal format and UDF revisions higher then 2.01 are
supported since mkudffs 2.0, UDF revision 1.01 is supported
since mkudffs 2.1)
-n,--no-write
Not really, do not write to device. Just simulate and display
what would happen with device. Useful for determining the
calculated location of different UDF blocks. (Option available
since mkudffs 2.0)
--new-file
Create a new image file specified by device with blocks-count
and fail if file already exists. If omitted, mkudffs creates a
new image file only in case it does not exist yet. (Option
available since mkudffs 2.0)
--lvid= logical-volume-identifier
Specify the Logical Volume Identifier. If omitted, mkudffs
Logical Volume Identifier is LinuxUDF. Most UDF
implementations use this identifier as a disk label.
--vid= volume-identifier
Specify the Volume Identifier. If omitted, mkudffs Volume
Identifier is LinuxUDF.
--vsid= volume-set-identifier
Specify the 17.–127. character of Volume Set Identifier. If
omitted, mkudffs Volume Set Identifier is LinuxUDF.
--fsid= file-set-identifier
Specify the File Set Identifier. If omitted, mkudffs File Set
Identifier is LinuxUDF.
--fullvsid= full-volume-set-identifier
Specify the full Volume Set Identifier. Overwrite previous
--uuid and --vsid options. (Option available since mkudffs
1.1)
--uid= uid
Specify the uid of the root (/) directory. If omitted, mkudffs
uid is 0. Special value -1 means invalid or not specified uid.
(Option available since mkudffs 1.1)
--gid= gid
Specify the gid of the root (/) directory. If omitted, mkudffs
gid is 0. Special value -1 means invalid or not specified gid.
(Option available since mkudffs 1.1)
--mode= mode
Specify permissions in octal mode bits of the root (/)
directory. If omitted, mkudffs mode is 0755. (Option available
since mkudffs 2.0)
--read-only
This option specify that the whole UDF disk should be treated
as read-only. It sets SoftWriteProtect domain flag in Logical
Volume Descriptor and in File Set Descriptor. Plus for
overwritable media types (hd, dvdram, dvdrw) set UDF Access
Type to read-only. (Option available since mkudffs 2.2)
--bootarea= fill
Specify how to fill UDF boot area which is the first 32kB of
the disk and is not used by UDF itself. Option mbr make sense
only when running mkudffs on whole disk, not on just one
partition. Valid options are:
preserve preserve existing UDF boot area, do not
touch it (default for media type different
from hd)
erase erase existing UDF boot area, fill it by
zeros (default for hd media type on
partitions and on removable disks)
mbr put MBR table with one partition which
starts at sector 0 (includes MBR itself)
and spans whole disk device, needed only
for non-removable hard disks used on
Microsoft Windows systems (default for hd
media type on non-removable hard disk
without partitions), see section WHOLE DISK
VS PARTITION
(Option available since mkudffs 2.0)
--strategy= strategy
Specify the allocation strategy to use. Valid strategies are 4
and 4096. If omitted, mkudffs strategy is based on the
--media-type.
--spartable, --spartable= spartable-number
Enable usage Sparing Table. Optionally specify also the number
of sparing tables. Valid numbers are 1–4. When the spartable
number is omitted then two tables are written to the disc. If
the option is omitted then usage of Sparing Table depends on
the media type. (Option prior to mkudffs 2.0 was available
only for cdrw media type)
--sparspace= num-of-entires
Specify the number of entries in Sparing Table. If omitted,
the default number of entries is 1024, but depends on the
media type. (Option available since mkudffs 2.0)
--packetlen= length
Packet length in a number of blocks used for alignment. All
continuous UDF structures would be aligned to packets. It
specifies also the size of the Sparing Space and packet length
in Sparing Table. It should match the device ECC/packet
length. If omitted, default value for DVD discs is 16 blocks,
for CD/BD discs it is 32 blocks and otherwise 1 block. (Option
prior to mkudffs 2.1 was available only for cdrw and dvdrw
media types)
--vat Enable usage of Virtual Allocation Table (VAT). If omitted,
usage depends on the media type. (Option available since
mkudffs 2.0)
--closed
Close disc with Virtual Allocation Table. AVDP is written also
to the end of the disc. By default, the disc with Virtual
Allocation Table is not closed.
--space= space
Specify the Space Set. Unallocated Space Set is used for media
which blocks may be allocated immediately. Freed Space Set is
used for media which blocks needs to be specially
prepared/erased before allocation. In Space Table is stored
list of unallocated extents. In Space Bitmap is stored bitmap
of unallocated blocks. Not used for VAT.
freedbitmap Freed Bitmap
freedtable Freed Table
unallocbitmap Unallocated Bitmap (default)
unalloctable Unallocated Table
--ad= ad
Specify the Allocation Descriptors of the root (/) directory.
inicb Allocation Descriptors in ICB (default)
short Short Allocation Descriptors
long Long Allocation Descriptors
--noefe
Don't Use Extended File Entries for the root (/) directory.
Affects only UDF 2.00 or higher. Must be specified after
--udfrev.
--locale
Treat identifier string options as strings encoded according
to the current locale settings (default). Must be specified as
the first argument. (Option available since mkudffs 2.0)
--u8 Treat identifier string options as strings encoded in 8-bit
OSTA Compressed Unicode format without leading Compression ID
byte, which is equivalent to Latin1 (ISO-8859-1). Must be
specified as first argument.
--u16 Treat identifier string options as strings encoded in 16-bit
OSTA Compressed Unicode format without leading Compression ID
byte, which is equivalent to UTF-16BE. Note that it is not
possible to include zero byte in command line options,
therefore any character which has at least one zero byte
cannot be supplied (this applies to all Latin1 characters).
Must be specified as the first argument.
--utf8 Treat identifier string options as strings encoded in UTF-8.
Must be specified as the first argument. (Prior to mkudffs 2.0
this was default option)
OPERATING SYSTEMS SUPPORT
UDF filesystem is natively supported by large amount of operating
systems. See following compatibility table:
┌────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┐
│ Operating system │ Maximum UDF revision for │
├─────────┬──────────────────┼────────────┬─────────────┤
│ Name │ Version │ read │ write │
├─────────┼──────────────────┼────────────┼─────────────┤
│ │ 2.3.17 – 2.4.5 │ 2.00 │ 2.00 │
│Linux │ 2.4.6 – 2.6.25 │ 2.01 │ 2.01 │
│ │ 2.6.26 (and new) │ 2.50 │ 2.01 │
├─────────┼──────────────────┼────────────┼─────────────┤
│ │ 98/Me │ 1.02 │ none │
│Windows │ 2000 │ 1.50 │ none │
│ │ XP │ 2.01 │ none │
│ │ Vista (and new) │ 2.60 │ 2.50 │
├─────────┼──────────────────┼────────────┼─────────────┤
│Mac OS │ 8.1 – 8.5 │ 1.02 │ none │
│ │ 8.6 – 9.2 │ 1.50 │ 1.50 │
├─────────┼──────────────────┼────────────┼─────────────┤
│ │ 10.0 – 10.3 │ 1.50 │ 1.50 │
│Mac OS X │ 10.4 │ 2.01 │ 2.01 │
│ │ 10.5 (and new) │ 2.60 │ 2.50 │
├─────────┼──────────────────┼────────────┼─────────────┤
│FreeBSD │ 5 (and new) │ 1.50 │ none │
├─────────┼──────────────────┼────────────┼─────────────┤
│NetBSD │ 4.0 │ 2.60 │ none │
│ │ 5.0 (and new) │ 2.60 │ 2.60 │
├─────────┼──────────────────┼────────────┼─────────────┤
│ │ 3.8 – 3.9 │ 1.02 │ │
│OpenBSD │ 4.0 – 4.6 │ 1.50 │ none │
│ │ 4.7 (and new) │ 2.60 │ │
├─────────┼──────────────────┼────────────┼─────────────┤
│Solaris │ 7 (and new) │ 1.50 │ 1.50 │
├─────────┼──────────────────┼────────────┼─────────────┤
│AIX │ 5.2 (and new) │ 2.01 │ 2.01 │
└─────────┴──────────────────┴────────────┴─────────────┘
Note that Windows 98 and Windows Me can read UDF filesystem only from
CD and DVD optical discs, not from hard disks.
BLOCK SIZE
In most cases, operating systems are unable to mount UDF filesystem
if UDF block size differs from logical sector size of the device.
Typically hard disks have sector size 512 bytes and optical media
2048 bytes. Therefore UDF block size must match the logical sector
size of the device.
Linux kernel prior to version 2.6.30 used hardcoded UDF block size of
2048 bytes independently of logical sector size, therefore it was not
able to automatically mount UDF filesystem if block size differed
from 2048. Since 2.6.30 and prior to 4.11 Linux kernel used a logical
sector size of the device as UDF block size, plus it tried fallback
to 2048. Since 4.11 it uses logical sector size and fallbacks to any
valid block size between logical sector size and 4096. Therefore
since version 2.6.30 Linux kernel can automatically mount UDF
filesystems correctly if UDF block size matches device logical sector
size and since version 4.11 can automatically also mount devices
which sector size does not match UDF block size. In any case and also
for Linux kernel prior to version 2.6.30, different UDF block size
(which is not autodetected) can be manually specified via
bs=blocksize mount parameter.
WHOLE DISK VS PARTITION
UDF filesystem is supposed to be formatted on the whole media and not
to the partitioned hard disk. Mac OS X systems enforce this rule and
reject to automatically mount UDF filesystem unless it is formatted
on the whole unpartitioned hard disk. Possible partition table (e.g.
MBR or GPT) on disk with valid UDF filesystem is ignored. On the
other hand, Microsoft Windows systems are unable to detect non-
removable hard disks without MBR or GPT partition table. Removable
disks do not have this restriction. A consequence is that non-
removable hard disks formatted to UDF by Windows Vista+ are not
recognized by Mac OS X systems and vice-versa. Note that manual mount
of UDF partition on partitioned hard disk on Mac OS X system is
possible and working (e.g. by running commands: mkdir
/Volumes/DriveName && mount_udf /dev/disk1s1 /Volumes/DriveName). But
there is no known way to mount an unpartitioned non-removable disk on
Windows system.
Thanks to reserved and unused UDF boot area (first 32kB of UDF
filesystem) it is possible to deal with this problem, by putting MBR
on such non-removable hard disk just for compatibility reasons with
Windows. Such MBR table would contain one partition which starts at
sector 0 (includes MBR itself) and spans whole disk device. So the
whole disk device and also the first partition on disk points to same
sectors. Therefore UDF filesystem can be mounted either from whole
disk device (needed for Mac OS X systems) or from first partition
(needed for Microsoft Windows systems).
Linux kernel ignores MBR table if contains partition which starts at
sector 0. Normally Linux kernel can detect and mount UDF filesystem
either on a partition or on whole disk device. It does not have any
restrictions.
mkudffs option --bootarea=mbr put such MBR table for compatibility
with Microsoft Windows systems into disk when formatting.
LINUX LABEL BUGS
In most cases Logical Volume Identifier is used as UDF label. But
Linux libblkid prior to version 2.26 used Volume Identifier.
Therefore mkudffs --label for compatibility reasons set both Logical
Volume Identifier and Volume Identifier.
Linux libblkid prior to version 2.30 incorrectly processed non-ASCII
identifier strings encoded in 8-bit OSTA Compressed Unicode format.
Therefore mkudffs since version 2.0 for compatibility reasons tries
to encode a non-ASCII identifier strings in 16-bit OSTA Compressed
Unicode format and then fallbacks to 8-bit format.
For more information about UDF Label and UUID see udflabel(8) section
UDF LABEL AND UUID.
mkudffs returns 0 if successful, non-zero if there are problems.
mkudffs cannot create UDF 2.50 Metadata partition, therefore it does
not support UDF revisions higher than 2.01 for non Write Once media
yet. So there is no support for Blu-ray discs which needs UDF 2.50
(except for Blu-ray Disc Recordable which does not require Metadata
partition).
mkudffs prior to version 2.2 was unable to process Unicode strings
with code points above U+FFFF. When option --utf8 was specified then
input strings were limited to 3-byte UTF-8 sequences and when option
--u16 was specified then input strings were limited just to UCS-2BE
strings (subset of UTF-16BE).
mkudffs prior to version 1.1 was unable to process non-ASCII
characters from identifier strings in --utf8 mode, --vsid option was
completely broken and --blocksize must have been manually specified
for hard disks as default value was hardcoded for optical disks.
mkudffs prior to version 2.0 generated broken and unreadable cdr disc
images.
Ben Fennema
Pali Rohár <pali.rohar@gmail.com>
mkudffs is part of the udftools package and is available from
https://github.com/pali/udftools/.
pktsetup(8), udflabel(8), cdrwtool(1), udfinfo(1), wrudf(1)
This page is part of the udftools (Linux tools for UDF filesystems
and DVD/CD-R(W) drives) project. Information about the project can
be found at ⟨https://github.com/pali/udftools⟩. If you have a bug
report for this manual page, see
⟨https://github.com/pali/udftools/issues⟩. This page was obtained
from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://github.com/pali/udftools.git⟩ on 2020-08-13. (At that time,
the date of the most recent commit that was found in the repository
was 2020-03-21.) If you discover any rendering problems in this HTML
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date source for the page, or you have corrections or improvements to
the information in this COLOPHON (which is not part of the original
manual page), send a mail to man-pages@man7.org
System Management Commands udftools MKUDFFS(8)
Pages that refer to this page: udfinfo(1) , wrudf(1) , mount(8) , udflabel(8)