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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | AUTHORS | SEE ALSO | AVAILABILITY | COLOPHON |
NSENTER(1) User Commands NSENTER(1)
nsenter - run program in different namespaces
nsenter [options] [program [arguments]]
The nsenter command executes program in the namespace(s) that are
specified in the command-line options (described below). If program
is not given, then ``${SHELL}'' is run (default: /bin/sh).
Enterable namespaces are:
mount namespace
Mounting and unmounting filesystems will not affect the rest
of the system, except for filesystems which are explicitly
marked as shared (with mount --make-shared; see /proc/self
/mountinfo for the shared flag). For further details, see
mount_namespaces(7) and the discussion of the CLONE_NEWNS flag
in clone(2).
UTS namespace
Setting hostname or domainname will not affect the rest of the
system. For further details, see uts_namespaces(7).
IPC namespace
The process will have an independent namespace for POSIX
message queues as well as System V message queues, semaphore
sets and shared memory segments. For further details, see
ipc_namespaces(7).
network namespace
The process will have independent IPv4 and IPv6 stacks, IP
routing tables, firewall rules, the /proc/net and /sys/class
/net directory trees, sockets, etc. For further details, see
network_namespaces(7).
PID namespace
Children will have a set of PID to process mappings separate
from the nsenter process. nsenter will fork by default if
changing the PID namespace, so that the new program and its
children share the same PID namespace and are visible to each
other. If --no-fork is used, the new program will be exec'ed
without forking. For further details, see pid_namespaces(7).
user namespace
The process will have a distinct set of UIDs, GIDs and
capabilities. For further details, see user_namespaces(7).
cgroup namespace
The process will have a virtualized view of /proc/self/cgroup,
and new cgroup mounts will be rooted at the namespace cgroup
root. For further details, see cgroup_namespaces(7).
time namespace
The process can have a distinct view of CLOCK_MONOTONIC and/or
CLOCK_BOOTTIME which can be changed using
/proc/self/timens_offsets. For further details, see
time_namespaces(7).
Various of the options below that relate to namespaces take an
optional file argument. This should be one of the /proc/[pid]/ns/*
files described in namespaces(7), or the pathname of a bind mount
that was created on one of those files.
-a, --all
Enter all namespaces of the target process by the default
/proc/[pid]/ns/* namespace paths. The default paths to the
target process namespaces may be overwritten by namespace
specific options (e.g., --all --mount=[path]).
The user namespace will be ignored if the same as the caller's
current user namespace. It prevents a caller that has dropped
capabilities from regaining those capabilities via a call to
setns(). See setns(2) for more details.
-t, --target pid
Specify a target process to get contexts from. The paths to
the contexts specified by pid are:
/proc/pid/ns/mnt the mount namespace
/proc/pid/ns/uts the UTS namespace
/proc/pid/ns/ipc the IPC namespace
/proc/pid/ns/net the network namespace
/proc/pid/ns/pid the PID namespace
/proc/pid/ns/user the user namespace
/proc/pid/ns/cgroup the cgroup namespace
/proc/pid/ns/time the time namespace
/proc/pid/root the root directory
/proc/pid/cwd the working directory respectively
-m, --mount[=file]
Enter the mount namespace. If no file is specified, enter the
mount namespace of the target process. If file is specified,
enter the mount namespace specified by file.
-u, --uts[=file]
Enter the UTS namespace. If no file is specified, enter the
UTS namespace of the target process. If file is specified,
enter the UTS namespace specified by file.
-i, --ipc[=file]
Enter the IPC namespace. If no file is specified, enter the
IPC namespace of the target process. If file is specified,
enter the IPC namespace specified by file.
-n, --net[=file]
Enter the network namespace. If no file is specified, enter
the network namespace of the target process. If file is
specified, enter the network namespace specified by file.
-p, --pid[=file]
Enter the PID namespace. If no file is specified, enter the
PID namespace of the target process. If file is specified,
enter the PID namespace specified by file.
-U, --user[=file]
Enter the user namespace. If no file is specified, enter the
user namespace of the target process. If file is specified,
enter the user namespace specified by file. See also the
--setuid and --setgid options.
-C, --cgroup[=file]
Enter the cgroup namespace. If no file is specified, enter
the cgroup namespace of the target process. If file is
specified, enter the cgroup namespace specified by file.
-T, --time[=file]
Enter the time namespace. If no file is specified, enter the
time namespace of the target process. If file is specified,
enter the time namespace specified by file.
-G, --setgid gid
Set the group ID which will be used in the entered namespace
and drop supplementary groups. nsenter(1) always sets GID for
user namespaces, the default is 0.
-S, --setuid uid
Set the user ID which will be used in the entered namespace.
nsenter(1) always sets UID for user namespaces, the default is
0.
--preserve-credentials
Don't modify UID and GID when enter user namespace. The
default is to drops supplementary groups and sets GID and UID
to 0.
-r, --root[=directory]
Set the root directory. If no directory is specified, set the
root directory to the root directory of the target process.
If directory is specified, set the root directory to the
specified directory.
-w, --wd[=directory]
Set the working directory. If no directory is specified, set
the working directory to the working directory of the target
process. If directory is specified, set the working directory
to the specified directory.
-F, --no-fork
Do not fork before exec'ing the specified program. By
default, when entering a PID namespace, nsenter calls fork
before calling exec so that any children will also be in the
newly entered PID namespace.
-Z, --follow-context
Set the SELinux security context used for executing a new
process according to already running process specified by
--target PID. (The util-linux has to be compiled with SELinux
support otherwise the option is unavailable.)
-V, --version
Display version information and exit.
-h, --help
Display help text and exit.
Eric Biederman ⟨biederm@xmission.com⟩
Karel Zak ⟨kzak@redhat.com⟩
clone(2), setns(2), namespaces(7)
The nsenter command is part of the util-linux package and is
available from Linux Kernel Archive
⟨https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/⟩.
This page is part of the util-linux (a random collection of Linux
utilities) project. Information about the project can be found at
⟨https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/⟩. If you have a
bug report for this manual page, send it to
util-linux@vger.kernel.org. This page was obtained from the
project's upstream Git repository
⟨git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/util-linux/util-linux.git⟩ on
2020-08-13. (At that time, the date of the most recent commit that
was found in the repository was 2020-08-12.) If you discover any
rendering problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe
there is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
(which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
man-pages@man7.org
util-linux June 2013 NSENTER(1)
Pages that refer to this page: nsenter(1) , unshare(1) , setns(2) , ipc_namespaces(7) , namespaces(7) , network_namespaces(7) , time_namespaces(7) , uts_namespaces(7) , lsns(8)